Throughout Romeo and Juliet Shakespeare includes linguistic devices and vivid imagery, which he conflates to form a metaphorical structure Essay Example

Throughout Romeo and Juliet Shakespeare includes linguistic devices and vivid imagery, which he conflates to form a metaphorical structure Essay Throughout Romeo and Juliet Shakespeare includes linguistic devices and vivid imagery, which he conflates to form a metaphorical structure. The subjects of this structure are of death and attraction. The deaths of Romeo and Juliet are not sudden, or a surprise, as they have been fortold throughout the play. The repetition of phrases such as * he may not have access To breath such vows as lovers used to swear * Within the infant rind of this weak flower poison hath residence * My grave is like to be my wedding bed We will write a custom essay sample on Throughout Romeo and Juliet Shakespeare includes linguistic devices and vivid imagery, which he conflates to form a metaphorical structure specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Throughout Romeo and Juliet Shakespeare includes linguistic devices and vivid imagery, which he conflates to form a metaphorical structure specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Throughout Romeo and Juliet Shakespeare includes linguistic devices and vivid imagery, which he conflates to form a metaphorical structure specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer are foreshadows to the suicides at the end of the play. The latter line is said at the end of the ball scene in which Romeo and Juliet dance. Fair Juliet makes a joke that if Romeo were married she would die. All of the lines connect together to emphasize fate and the deaths of the suicidal youths. The recurrence of such images proves the unexpectedness of the deaths to be untrue; and lends the play its metaphorical structure. The line foreshadows Juliets death; she ends her life after she finds out the man she admires has just died laying beside her. It could be argued that Romeo was very emotionally unstable, and this showed throughout the play. During the entirety of the play Romeo has fallen in love with passion. His feelings for Rosaline were untrue and he later realized she meant nothing to him. During the ball scene Romeo does not speak a word about Rosaline as though he had never thought about her in his life. Mercutio and Benvolio then follow him believing he wishes to stay near Rosaline. They are mistaken but do not know it. One interpretation would be that maybe Romeos feelings for Juliet were just as untrue as his feelings for Rosaline. Romeo commits suicide and in doing so proves that he is volatile and desperate to prove that he is something. He wants to be known and remembered for being something other than just a boy. The metaphorical structure of the play indicates that death will occur early in the life of the characters. When Juliet obtains Romeos details she does say My grave is like to be my wedding bed becaus e her family will not allow her to marry her enemys son. Later she ends up in a grave next to the man that she marries, dead. Rosaline was the lady that had Romeos attention when he is first introduced into the play. Out of her favour where I am in love, was referring to Rosaline, as Romeo knew she did not love him, although he believed to love her. His attention turns and he then begins to love Juliet, or should I say the looks of Juliet. After Romeo walks into the Great hall at the Capulets mansion his first words are What ladys that which doth enrich the hand Of yonder knight? Romeo is banished from Verona for killing Tybalt and later hears an untrue account of Juliets death. Balthasar informs Romeo Her body sleeps in Capels monument, And her immortal part with angels lives. Romeos unstable mind draws him to the tomb of the beautiful Juliet. He then kills another man, Paris. The torture that Romeo must have felt by killing two men would be very difficult to cope with, and the pressure and fear made him even more erratic than he already was. This is a reason why Romeo may have come to kill himself. His at titude towards the poison was peculiar; he found it to be good, Come, cordial and not poison, go with me. The deaths in Romeo and Juliet were unnecessary, but the tension of life was overpowering. Insanity drove Romeo to end his life, yet the insanity was caused by life itself. His character throughout the play had loved passion. Romeo now had nobody to love. Rosaline had bewildered him but she had not returned his love. He had then been astonished after his eyes had feasted on Juliet. Her beauty had made him feel enthralled for her. When he thought she had died, he immediately thought that he was destined for bad luck. His emotions overcame him at this point and the suicidal thoughts in his head made him feel like his heart had been ripped out. I do remember an apothecaryAnd if a man did need a poison nowHere lives a caitiff wretch would sell it him.' His thoughts without delay turned to suicide. He took his own life because he knew it would stop the hurricane of feelings from taking control of his mind. The figurative structure leads up to this essential moment in the play, when Romeo dies by his wife. He spends a long time working up to the moment, and his speech is extensive and ends with a dramatic climax. One perspective of Romeo could be of a suicidal teen that thinks his life is the worst thing that ever happened to him. Most teens can relate with something that has happened in Romeos life. His death was not an act of passion, but an act of hatred for existence. How oft when men are at the point of death Have they been merry. He was happy to die, and so unbalanced that his emotions took over. I believe Romeo would have grown up to be a very psychotic man. He had killed two men, and had been dealt bad luck since this time in his teenage years. One viewpoint is that of Romeo not being in love, he yearned for ladies, and after he had been knocked down he was unwilling to get back up. He believed death was the answer to his problems, like many teens in the world today. Romeo, Romeo, Why do you die? The answer is not for love, but for the love of love, and for the love of nothing else. The nothing he had to live for. Juliet was also destined for death while she was still young and irrational. She does not always think about her actions before she commits them. She utters, Shall I be marriedNo, No, this shall forbid it. She does not think of the repercussions of her actions. Her thoughts are not followed through and the deaths of Romeo and herself could be thought of as her responsibility. The Chorus refers to the death of the star-crossed lovers as Juliet verbalizes, My grave is like to be my wedding bed. She marries Romeo just as her parents agree that she should be married to Master Paris. Instead of rationally thinking about her circumstances, Juliet decides to fake her own death. And this later initiates her grave suicide. Her mind is immature and she does not know how to handle her situation. She goes to Friar Lawrence, who has been on occasion wrong and illogical. He earlier asked Romeo was thou with Rosaline? because he wrongly believed this to be so, but the truth was hidden from his sight. His advice is thought of as prudent but Shakespeare suggests this is untrue. The counsel sought by Juliet has many repercussions culminating in the suicides of the couple. When Juliet is feigning death, Romeo sees her lifeless body. He gives away his own life, and then subsequently Juliet awakens from her slumber. Her remembrance is acute and the thought of her husband appears into her young psyche. I do remember where I should be; And there I am. Where is my Romeo? Friar Lawrence finds Romeo dead by her side and compassionately mentions that she is now solitary in the world. Thy husband in thy bosom there lies deadcome, Ill dispose of thee Among a sisterhood of holy nuns. Juliets childish, immature consciousness is unable to cope with this thought. She does not take long to think about the circumstance that she is in but finds the best solution to be suicide. Go thee hence for I will not away. This solution causes more problems that it is meant to solve. The abruptness of her end in the world is another sudden surprise to her family. O heavens! O wife, look how our daughter bleeds! Her sentiments about life were of the utmost importance in understanding why she no longer wanted to live it. Juliet thought her only option was death and she was happy with it. O happy dagger is a statement proving she is jovial to end her life. She later says and let me die which also confirms her pleasure from death. She believed in her juvenile mind that she had nobody to turn to. Because of a number of misunderstandings caused by a holy Friar the bride is now dead. John Madden directed a film about Romeo and Juliet; he called it Shakespeare in Love. The title shows the story of Romeo and Juliet is a true account of the author, Shakespeare, falling in love. In the film Shakespeare actually plays the part of Romeo in the play, and his true love plays Juliet. It is ironic as in the play and out of it the lovers will be separated. John Madden emphasizes the deaths by shortening the speeches so only the crucial elements are left. Romeo only says a short amount of his last soliloquy that we read in the book. In this film the members in the audience are very significant. They show emotions such as melancholy, grief, shock, and the effect of real life. They believe the play is really happening and try to get involved. They wanted to stop fate from taking over. The film is set at the time the play was being written and so the costumes are typical of the time. The play, in the Globe theatre, had outside sound effects; this enhances the drama and tension building up inside everybody watching. There is also a lack of scenery in the theatre making the actors work harder to keep the attention directed towards them. The film has a distinct feeling that fate always has the last say. It is dramatic and intense and shows that we do not have say in our lives. Things happen if we want them to or not. Baz Luhrmann has a very different view to what should have happened. His film of Romeo and Juliet is set in modern times. Romeo is wearing a Hawaiian shirt and carries a gun. Capels monument, where Juliet is buried, is full of candles and neon crosses. Juliet is set at the altar, very peacefully, as though she has been given to God. The sound effects are morbid and depressing, Wagners Liebestod is playing in the background. The title of the music is German for love death, as the lovers inevitably die. In Baz Luhrmanns version of the play the order of deaths is divergent the play Shakespeare wrote. Juliet wakes before Romeo dies. He does not see his wife awake until after he has drank the poison. She holds him in her arms as they say goodbye, and with one last kiss I die is uttered from Romeos lips. This is a very emotional part of the film as Baz Luhrmann uses the actors features to give the effect that this is real, and nothing can stop it. You cannot help but pity them as fate take s control of their lives. You want to shout out and tell Romeo Juliet has life, but then it is too late. When Romeo has died in Juliets arms she cries out and her voice echoes with loneliness throughout the church. Juliet is alone and as Romeo has a gun she takes it and uses it as an escape. A loud bang is then the only sound you hear. A modern day version of the play has turned out to be very different to the play Shakespeare wrote in 1994. And so both directors are extremely unique yet they both have one main issue they are trying to address. Fate controls everyone, and everything. The star-crossed lovers were destined to die, no matter what happened. These directors showed it in a different form, from a perspective that nobody else has. These people stand out from the crowd, and as a result they have directed some great films that touch the hearts of people that watch them. How oft when men are at the point of death Have they been merry Romeo was happy to die, as was Juliet. He was tired of being alive, and alone, and hated his existence, as he had no one to turn to. This play has such intense hatred and unbelievably powerful verse. Shakespeare has included real feeling that a youth of Romeos age would feel. Stress, loneliness, and the lack of hope; many teenagers suffer from these feelings. This causes them to do as Romeo and his bride did; suicide becomes the answer. Shakespeare uniquely showed real emotions at such an intense way without damaging his play. Many interpretations are that Romeo and Juliet is a great play, a play of truth, a play of death. With just one tiny hope left in Romeo the lives of the couple might not have ended at such an early age; or maybe fate took over and nothing could stop bereavement, not even all the hope in the world.

Early year practitioners working with birth Essay Example

Early year practitioners working with birth Essay Example Early year practitioners working with birth Essay Early year practitioners working with birth Essay In my essay I have aimed for the reader to accomplish an apprehension of what might look to be some challenges confronting early twelvemonth practicians working with birth three old ages in and out of place attention. I undertook three visits to an eight-week-old babe See Appendix 1 sing background information. I completed three observation sheets that demonstrate my interaction with a kid of that age. Before I started my observations I was cognizant of what experiences could be valuable to Jack. Due to his immature age I knew his communicating accomplishments would dwell of smile, oculus contact and weeping. I was besides cognizant he would be wholly dependent on grownups to back up his physical and emotional demands. I besides considered Piaget schemes of idea as he believed kids s lineation of ideas are evident from infancy in their early physical and centripetal actions. During my clip detecting Jack I was ever in his place environment. I began to see what challenges working with this age group could be in an early old ages puting. Current ratios in child care scenes are one grownup to three babes aged six hebdomads two old ages. Children aged two three old ages have the ratio of one grownup to five kids. These ratios are set by the conditions made by Care Commission when inspecting premises for the first clip before it opens. This shows the degree of interaction will be limited compared to a 1:1 ratio that a kid can have at place. The quality of the interaction may be limited in a scene depending on the single personality. This is where it is of import for the practicians to be cognizant of Getting it right for every kid , ( 2007 ) . This gives the practician the chance to look at a kid s best results for their well being regardless of their background or single demands. In appendix B:3, column 3 I imitated Jack s sounds and looks. I picked up on his cue and copied it. This is in-line with Trevarthen, ( 1977:255 ) Play taking to a structured game and laughter, develops manus in manus with primary intersubjectivity . Interaction starts really early. Pre-verbal communicating is the beginning of child linguistic communication accomplishments. Schaffer ( 1996 ) engaged together utilizing a assortment of duologue between doing sounds, motion touch and a assortment of facial looks. Children will besides mirror what they are shown. Murray and Andrew, ( 2000:52 ) The parent s mirroring is a manner of conveying their credence of the babe and it can both affirm and enrich the babe s experiences . In appendix B:2, column 3 Jack mirrored his Dendranthema grandifloruom s face signals. A babe s stress degree demands to be considered as Lyon et Al ( 2000 ) suggested a high degree of control could impact later emotional life for that kid. This will impact their wellbeing. In my observation I was cognizant of the importance non to emphasize babe Jack and to follow his modus operandi. This is apparent in B:1, column 2 and B:2, column 2. Harmonizing to Balbernie, ( 2001 ) Relationships are indispensable to the babe s wellness and wellbeing, and find their future potency and life opportunities. This was of import for me to understand as I engaged with baby Jack. As a practician relationships with kids under three old ages play an of import function in the kid s future results. Challenges for a kid being at place may be that they live far off from other kids and non hold any siblings. Besides parents are passing more clip off from place due to work committednesss. Dryden, ( 2005 ) feels practicians will necessitate to be argus-eyed of a kid who may non be used to sharing or new/loud noises. The kid may besides non be used to sharing the important grownup. The scene has to be a high acquisition environment for kids up to three old ages. Adults have a duty to hold a cognition and apprehension of kid development. Adults do hold an influence in a kid s development. As households may besides inquire for advice, a practician needs to be able to back up them or hold an apprehension when they need to seek farther advice from another beginning. These are all facets that Dryden ( 2005 ) considers to be of import. Working in partnership with parents sharing information and affecting them in their kid s uninterrupted acquisition and development . This is stated in The Early Years Foundation Stage, point 1.27. Harmonizing to Frobel, Montessori and Steiner each phase of a kid s development is of import and requires sensitive and appropriate handling. They believed in looking at a kid s accomplishment instead than what a kid struggles to make. However as I was working with a kid of a immature age I was cognizant of his encephalon cells organizing quickly. Harmonizing to Dowling, ( 2010 ) A immature encephalon grows quickly through centripetal experiences, touch, gustatory sensation, touch hearing, seeing and odor . I felt with the experiences B1-B3 I contributed to Jack s larning whilst maintaining his modus operandi in topographic point. Different theoretical accounts can be used to see a kid s development. The checklist theoretical account is where a practician can see what a kid can or can non accomplish. The medical theoretical account is whereby seen if a kid is healthy. Another theoretical account is the shortage theoretical account. This is where an grownup will take activities in order to prove whether a kid has acquired cognition or developed a accomplishment. The Early Years Foundation Stage has a profile graduated table brochure, which practicians may utilize to help them with their observations and appraisal of a kid s development. Bowlby s ( 1969 ) theory points out babes and immature kids can go close to a little figure of grownups. Babies are besides born to seek secure fond regards ; they need comfort and have physical and emotional demands. A kid who has a unafraid fond regard may fight to settle into a nursery scene if non offered chances to blend with other grownups and kids. Bowlby s ( 1998 ) work demonstrates a kid in out-of-home scene will look for another grownup to be their important cardinal individual. A practician will necessitate to be cognizant a kid may experience vulnerable at arrival clip, alterations within the rumpus room and other grownups in the room. Dryden, ( 2005 ) expresses the importance of a practician working with the kid and household to develop a close professional relationship. The kid will see the household engagement with their cardinal worker and this will enable the kid to organize a secure fond regard to the cardinal worker/practitioner. Whalley and the Pen Green Centre Team, ( 1997 ) besides believe practicians and parents should portion information about the kid s drama behavior at place and within the scene. This will assist to supply a good apprehension of the benefits to the kid and to enable a close relationship to back up their drama. A challenge to this would be if parents were unwilling to work aboard the scene and with staff. In Early Years Foundation Stage Principle 1.4 one of the subjects emphasises that every kid is alone and has the ability to larn and develop in a confident mode. This will let practicians to understand the importance of being in melody with kids and this can be done through cognition of kid development and observations. Recording of information is besides of import for sharing information. This is outlined in the Pre-Birth to Three counsel. The Pre-Birth to Three, Positive Outcomes for Scots Children and Families papers is the national counsel for practicians working with kids under the age of three and for other grownups who are involved with kids. It is besides to do a smoother passage before kids begin to prosecute with the Curriculum For Excellence. Peoples may dispute if kids need a course of study for such an early age. Dryden, ( 2005 ) believes an early old ages curriculum must be examined to see the experiences that are of most relevancy to really immature kids. Dryden stresses that a course of study at the age of under three is non appropriate. Researchers Gopnik, Meltzoff and Kuhl ( 1999 ) believed babes learn through experience. A practician can offer experiences and chances in the early old ages to spread out their acquisition whilst utilizing a course of study for counsel. Pre-Birth to Three counsel provinces Supporting and supplying appropriate challenges for babes and immature kids is cardinal to accomp lishing positive results in the hereafter . A course of study for the kids under three harmonizing to Manning-Morton and Thorp, ( 2001 ) should be about concentrating on what kids can make either with or without support and non what they should be making at a certain age. Children s experience s under three old ages is the foundation of their hereafter. Children need positive relationships, interaction and chances to larn to turn to their full potency. Partnerships with parents and bureaus offer a community of support to the person. The function of the grownup is critical to the kid larning whether it be in the place or a drama puting. When be aftering to run into with baby Jack I communicated good with his female parent via the phone and by demoing her the information sing my work at university. This excessively is of import in a scene. This is in-line with the Pre-Birth to Three counsel developing effectual communicating systems . To run into all the kids demands, practicians will confront troubles in big scenes. Practitioners should see Bruce ( 1987 ) Principle 7 What babes and immature kids can instead than can non make is the get downing point of the kid s drama, acquisition and instruction. Time will besides play an of import factor in a prac tician s ability to run into the demands of kids, particularly under three old ages, as they are all persons and have peculiar modus operandis.

3 Types of Problems with Complex Phrasal Adjectives

3 Types of Problems with Complex Phrasal Adjectives 3 Types of Problems with Complex Phrasal Adjectives 3 Types of Problems with Complex Phrasal Adjectives By Mark Nichol In each of the following sentences, an error pertaining to hyphenation results in a faulty phrasal adjective. Discussion and revision explain and demonstrate how to solve the problem. 1. The company appeared to violate federal law by offering high-interest rate loans in states where such loans are prohibited. This sentence describes rate loans of a high-interest nature, but that’s not the intent of the statement. The phrase â€Å"high interest rate† serves as a phrasal adjective describing the type of loans in question, so those three words should be hyphenated together: â€Å"The company appeared to violate federal law by offering high-interest-rate loans in states where such loans are prohibited.† Alternatively, the sentence can be relaxed: â€Å"The company appeared to violate federal law by offering loans at high interest rates in states where such loans are prohibited.† (Note that no hyphenation occurs in â€Å"high interest rates† because here, high and interest do not modify rates; rather, high modifies â€Å"interest rates.† 2. A robust â€Å"think outside the box† process is needed to establish and sustain this vital dialogue between management and the board. The writer has enclosed â€Å"think outside the box† in scare quotes, apparently on the assumption that the phrase is an obscure idiom that needs to be emphasized as such, but it is familiar to the point of clichà © and therefore doesn’t merit any special treatment. But in this sentence, it is a phrasal adjective, so the four words should be linked with hyphens: â€Å"A robust think-outside-the-box process is needed to establish and sustain this vital dialogue between management and the board.† (If scare quotes were merited, the marks would serve to visually unify the phrasal adjective, so hyphenation would be redundant.) 3. Production environment access management controls can often be improved by providing user access based on role and title. It is technically correct to hyphenate the noun-cum-adjective stack that begins this sentence, but such a laboriously extended phrasal adjective is clumsy. Simplify such a construction by altering the syntax with insertion of prepositions, as in the first example above: â€Å"Controls for access management in the production environment can often be improved by providing user access based on role and title.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Cost-Effective vs. Cost-EfficientBody Parts as Tools of MeasurementMay Have vs. Might Have

Healthcare Insurance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Healthcare Insurance - Essay Example They believe that healthcare insurance would assist them to minimize future health expenses to a great extent. As Cameron and McCallum (1995) point out, ‘income’ is the major potential element determining the demand for health insurance. It seems that low and high income groups are less likely to purchase health insurance. Low income groups may not have potential financial background to purchase health insurance whereas high income groups are reluctant to buy insurance due to increased tariffs. Price of the insurance and tax treatment of insurance are the other important factors affecting demand for health insurance (Avitabile, 2009). When the price of the insurance increases, the demand decreases, and once the price of the insurance drops the demand increases. The same trend is observed in case of tax treatment also. If the government or other competitive organizations adopt a strict approach towards tax treatment, the demand for insurance falls. In contrast, if the hea lthcare insurance is offered at concessional tax rates, more people will be ready to purchase it. This is a clear illustration of law of demand. It is also identified that healthcare expenditure may be a crucial element influencing the demand for insurance. Middle income groups may consider their past health expenditure data before making an insurance purchase decision. Finally, age also affects the demand for healthcare insurance. As compared to old aged people, youngsters are less likely to purchase healthcare insurance as they believe that they are less vulnerable to diseases. In the late XIX century, health insurance began to be available in the form of accident insurance in the United States (Obringer & Jeffries, n.d.). The trend continued until the end of the XIX century, and regulators considered health insurance as disability insurance. Before the US federal

Knowledge Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Knowledge - Essay Example As one of those perennial topics, a team of philosophers decided to name the study of knowledge an epistemology. The word epistemology comes from two Greek words episteme (episthmh) meaning knowledge and logos (logo V) meaning reason. Others, philosophers nowadays would assign this subject as of fundamental importance; however, the subject about knowledge remains an essential part of philosophy (1997). Knowledge started way back, during the civilization period. By civilization, I refer to the many centuries back where humans managed the environmental change. For example there was the Egyptians in Mesopotamia, who discovered that with the possession of water(Nile) and their very fertile land, they could actually practiced farming and feed themselves and as well as making a living. From that, it is clear that knowledge infact is a tool to the ‘subject’ of change as opposed to the ‘object’ of change. You will notice that as time passed, the Egyptians transforme d from farming to other form of activities such as architecture, pottery, animal domestication, writing and so on. The ancient humans continued to discover rapidly other fronts after the set up of infrastructure which was brought about by the early activities. People did not stop discovering new ways of living despite the hardships, from architecture and agriculture to religion and politics, animal domestication to economic set-up. There are two types of knowledge; Knowledge by Representation and Knowledge by Acquaintance. Knowledge by Representation basically refers to the way in which a human being expresses himself. This is normally done through aspects of communication like language speaking or gestures. Through representation, knowledge is fundamentally used as a surrogate. This is for example when someone finds an entity to determine the consequences of something by just thinking about it unlike acting on it. It is more of a belief condition. You will find out that, a person c an claim to be rich one day but he does not even have a job yet being unemployed cannot stop him from proclaiming those words. In other words, on the subject of knowledge, dreams are part of representation. So many people out there would want to have something, some other want it so badly that they go to an extent of making it aloud. This is referred as belief. Regardless of the many difficulties experienced, you will get a person still having the same beliefs in making it in life. Off course everybody wants the best and will do anything to get there. This shows that regardless of the much opposition one might face, he or she continues to have a belief that he will make it. Knowledge by Acquaintance can be described as a direct relation without interference between a person and an existing thing. This is referred to as justification. For example, a person may be acquainted with a color or the texture of a table before him but this does not stop him or her from eating or leaning on i t. This shows that human beings can be acquainted with something immediately without even knowing the real truth behind it. We must concede that words can have different meanings, and that each of the different meanings may be legitimate. For example, one might say, â€Å"It is better to be red than dead.† Here, â€Å"red† obviously does not refer to a particular color in a scheme of colors, but is intended to convey notions of communism (1955).It would be improper to say that â€Å"red† cannot be used in such a way. Faith provides for a strong belief in the doctrines of a religion, based on spiritual belief rather than proof. This then leads to our next question as to whether we should continue inventing new knowledge or we

The Blanket story Essay Example for Free

The Blanket story Essay The Blanket is a story about two lovers who enjoys wild sex, but is uncertain if they are willing to spend the rest of their lives together. The relationship they share is that which is built nothing more but lust. In the end, the couple figured out their feelings for each other, the blanket of Valerie serves as symbolism of their union. I have to say that this story surprised me; the title did not foreshadow the erotic nature of its plot, or rather the detailed descriptions of the author. The story has a lot of lines that are very poetic, usually with a theme of one lover comforting the other. Of all these poetic lines, one line stands out for me. He imagined scooping up sleeping Valerie and putting her in the middle of his thoughts. In choosing a line from a story, I always look for the line that pretty much sums up the whole story. If that is not possible, I choose the lines which have the most appeal to me. The other factors that I look for are: the line’s aesthetic value, if the line is nice to read, use of sound devices. Next is the line’s symbolic meaning, almost all creative forms of literature has some sort of symbolic meaning that means more than it actually appears. Another is the lines use of images, how the lines make my imagination work. How the line summarizes the story This line does not exactly sum up the entire story, in fact its just half of it. It does not show the rough sexual relations that happened to Valerie and Michael and the conflict that resulted from it. It just shows how Michael felt about Valerie despite their weird relationship. I also chose this line because, as corny as it sounds, it’s a romantic line usually found on stories with less sexual content. Aesthetic Value It may not mean much, but how the words used sounds to illustrate a scene in the story. Techniques like alliteration and rhyme are usually what I am looking for. The author may have not intended for that value to exist (they are usually attributed to poems) but it did anyway. ‘Scooping’ and ‘sleeping’ are not only alliterated words but also rhyming words, ‘putting’ in addition, rhymes as well. Symbolic Meaning This line might mean that Michael would save (scoop) the sleeping Valerie in keep her in a place (inside his thoughts) away from the things that can harm her. Valerie told stories of her horrible past, how she got raped and beat up. It is one of the reasons why she cried during one of their intimate moments. She cried because she was reminded of this dark past. She felt vulnerable, especially after the bad joke that Michael put on her. After that event, Michael realized what he has done, and felt it was time that their relationship turn serious. Imagery Lines that have clear images of action are always effective; they make the reader’s imagination work. The image of a Valerie being scooped up by Michael in her sleep makes me think of a fantasy inspired music video, a damsel in distress being saved by a hero. Or a man just dreaming of her girl in her sleep, and being contented by just that mere sight. Conclusion He imagined scooping up sleeping Valerie and putting her in the middle of his thoughts. – Seriously, you can’t find any other line in the story that can match this line’s aesthetic, visual, and symbolic meaning. The line is like taken straight out of a Nicholas Sparks novel.

African American Psychology Essay -- essays research papers

Breaking the Chains of Psychological Slavery: Liberation from Mental Slavery The author of this article, Dr. Na’im Akbar, begins by explaining human nature and tries to communicate what makes human beings a special species and concludes that self-consciousness is the one characteristic that sets us apart from all other forms of animal life on this planet. The fact that we have a feeling of who we are and as a group of people; we do not feel that we have limitations. Moreover, because of this self-knowledge, we are able to make progress. However, the author makes it clear that we do have at least one major limitation that can keep us from making progress and that rests in out ignorance. She states that we are ignorant in who we are and what we can do. We do not have to remain ignorant; if we gain consciousness, our true human capacity is open to us. Just as we have the potential to be an amazing species, we also have the potential to be an amazingly cruel and despicable species. The author notes that we are the only life form who can engage in collectiv e and individual self-murder with no acceptable motive. Dr. Akbar goes on to explain that human beings have always worked to create circumstances to maximize their consciousness. People knew that by working the other way and minimizing other human beings’ consciousness, this would be the basis for oppression. The article notes that human slavery is a gradual process in which the mind of a people is brought under control and ...

35 Dumb Things People Say

Matt Paradowski 35 Dumb Things People Say Dr. Cullen has been referred to as being the best there is at simplifying the complex issues of diversity in an entertaining and educational manner (MauraCullen. com). As expressed on Dr. Cullen’s website, she has been capturing the minds and hearts of people with dynamic seminars and speaking engagements in the United States, Canada and Australia. She is considered one of the best authorities on leadership and diversity. She also has worked with over 400 organizations with audiences of up to 8,000 people. Dr.Cullen holds a Doctorate in Social Justice and Diversity Education. She has 25 years of experience as a diversity trainer and speaker at over 400 universities and organizations. Maura Cullen is the author of 35 Dumb Things Well-Intended People Say: Surprising Things We Say That Widen the Diversity Gap. She is a higher education student affairs professional and is the founding faculty of the Social Justice Training Institute. (http ://www. mauracullen. com). Her Education background includes The University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Springfield College and Bridgewater State College. http://www. linkedin. com/in/mauracullen). The audience I believe Dr. Cullen is trying to reach is everyone in general, but many of the sayings that deal with race are geared more towards white people. When reading â€Å"The 35 Dumb Things Well-Intended People Say† it seems that she was referring to everybody. I am pretty sure just about everyone has said at least one of the sayings at least once in their life. Out of the 35 sayings listed I have said 10 of them many times in my life. The book basically says to the intended audience to think before you speak.Some people could take the book as telling you to more politically correct. After reading over this chapter to me Dr. Maura Cullen seems to be an upper class Republican who is too busy worrying about what everyone thinks or says. She seems to want everything to be very s ocially and politically correct. In the real world life will never be like this. Sometimes while reading this chapter of her book I thought she thinks she is better than everyone else. If people didn’t say these things sometimes the world would be bland and everyone would act the same having no feeling or thoughts of their own.Who is she to say these things are dumb to say. I am not saying she is not smart but I am saying people need some of these sayings in their life and that yes some may be considered dumb but some are also very relevant. I really don’t think that everyone is going to think that this is offensive or that the person saying it is an idiot or dumb. In today’s day and age I don’t think people really care if they offend another person. I really never thought about or noticed if any of the sayings in this book were offensive or not.Will I try to stop saying the ones that I think are offensive? Sure I will but I have been saying them for so l ong or have heard people saying them that it is going to be extremely hard to change. While reading this chapter, I saw some things people say that I think are pretty damn funny. For example # 30 states, â€Å"That’s so gay/queer or that’s so retarded† (Cullen pg. 103). Anyone with some sort of common sense would know when people say this they are not talking about homosexuals or mentally handicapped people. Anyone with an ounce of intelligence would know this.When people say, â€Å"that is so gay† or, â€Å"that is so queer† they are actually saying whatever they are talking about is dumb or stupid. The same goes for the saying, â€Å"that is so retarded. † Personally I say these things a lot. I don’t mean anything bad by saying it. It is just that I have grown up saying it and do not think it is offensive. Like I said before anyone with an ounce of intelligence would know the true intention of saying, â€Å"That is so gay† or â€Å"That is so queer†. An example of a saying I think has some relevance is number 16 â€Å"I never owned slaves. (Cullen pg. 83) This is one of the saying I think is geared only toward white people. I think it is relevant because of the amount of reverse racism in the world today. Many black people still complain about â€Å"The Man† or white people. The black people that complain about white people usually say that the white man is holding them back. In all honesty the only holding them back is themselves and their lack of drive, determination and hard work. So white people started saying â€Å"I never owned slaves† so don’t complain to me about your short comings.If anyone is discriminated against it is white people. The reason I say that is because of affirmative action. Why should someone get a job over a more qualified applicant solely based on the color of their skin and that the employer doesn’t have enough of that race working for them . Finally that last quote I thought had some relevance at least in my life is number 20 calling women â€Å"Girls, Honey, Sweetie Pie,† or other familiar terms. (Cullen pg. 87) I used this statement all the time. I use it in the way Dr.Cullen says it is intended for which is to make a connection or attempting to make an environment more casual or friendly. (Cullen Pg. 87) I do not see it as sexist or condescending. I do not think it is disrespectful either. I say this because when a man calls his significant other sweetie pie or honey they definitely are not trying to be sexist. I know for sure they definitely are not being condescending either. The thing is women say things like this also it is just men do not think it is sexist or condescending.Out of all the women I may have called sweetie pie or honey in my life I have never had anyone get upset behind my back or to my face about it. People who are not so uptight or stuck on themselves will not think it is sexist or conde scending either. I do not think people need to watch what they say from now on. I believe that more people need to loosen up and accept life as it comes to them. Is it really worth complaining about these sayings? I for one think it is â€Å"retarded or gay† to complain and worry about all this crap.I have been through many thing in my life one of which was a near death experience. Life is too short to try and do everything the proper or â€Å"right† way. Sure some of the 35 saying could be a little on the rude side but hey no one is perfect, right? People have been saying these things and will continue to say these things until the end of time. Some things may change in time but not all. Weather it is rude, sexist or condescending it is all in the eye of the beholder. If we could all just except each other as they are then these sayings would be irrelevant anyways.I enjoyed reading this chapter of Dr. Cullens book but sometimes it made me angry after reading her best bets sections. Sure she has a doctorate but her best bet situations will not always be correct.Works Cited Dr. Maura J Cullen Diversity Taking Adversity out of Diversity. 2010. 29 Nov. 2010. . Dr. Maura Cullen Diversity Training & Coaching Professional. 2008. 29 Nov. 2010. http://www. linkedin. com/in/mauracullen  Cullen, Maura. Morgan James Publishing. New York: Garden City, 2008. Print.

Gulf Carriers Destabilise Alliances

With much ceremony, Qatar Airways became the first of the large Sulfated c aeries to enter a global airline alliance by joining Enroll, led by American Airlines and British Main. Ways. Sign up now â€Å"Becoming a member Of Enroll is one of the most significant landmarks in Qatar Airways' history,† declared Kafka AH Baker, the airline's chief executive. This move highlights how the fastenings, steamrollered Gulf carriers – E emirates Airlines, Edited Airways and Qatar Airways – are no longer viewed with universal hostility by western airlines.First is our new essential daily email briefing of the best stories from across the web But Emirates and Edited are unlikely to be joining one Of the three global aril en alliances – Enroll, Steam and Star Alliance – in the near future. These two carriers, based in D baa and ABA Dhabi, respectively, are pursuing their own partnerships – actions that are destabilize Eng the alliances and could play an inf luential role in reducing the importance of these groups.The alliances were established in the 1 9905 because foreign ownership rules often prohibited carriers room combining via crossbred mergers. Even the biggest carriers knew they could not fly to all big cities, so airlines formed alliances that in effect bolted their networks together to offer destinations worldwide – notably to business travelers. These alliances were supposed to be clubs that looked after their respective interests, but last year Santa – a founding member of Enroll -? sent showplaces through the industry by agreeing to form a fare aching partnership with Emirates.Founded in 1985 and now flying to more than 130 destinations with the world s largest fleet of wideband passenger jets, Emirates has inflicted financial pain on longhand carriers in the US, Europe and Asia – include inning Santa. But the Australian carrier is hoping the collaboration with Emirates will play a key role in restorin g its international pop orations to profit. At the heart of the partnership is a icosahedra that gives Santa passengers a much greater choice of routes between Australia and Europe, the Middle East and Africa because they can fly on Emirates' jets.

Joy Daycare Marketing Plan

Joy Daycare Marketing Plan Joy Daycare pricing strategy Consumers within Joy Daycare target market are most likely to be concerned with quality than price. As identified previously, this target market consists of young parents who are sensitive to quality care for their children, and less concerned about pricing issues.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Joy Daycare Marketing Plan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This implies that, although penetration pricing is the easiest for while introducing a new product, it might not be effective under these circumstances (Iacobucci, 2011). The latter author also underscores that penetration pricing (setting lower prices) is extremely risky since competitors’ might decide to retaliate. Furthermore, reduction in price conflicts with Joy Daycare product and branding strategies. Consequently, premium (skimming) strategy will be adopted based on the belief that quality will mitigate price sensitivity a mong consumers. According to Iacobucci (2011), skimming involves setting the pricing above the current market rates at the initial stages of introducing a new product. However, this strategy is short lived because it attracts other firms into the market. Pricing tactics Cost based vs. value based pricing According to Rao (2009), pricing is a significant, but delicate component of marketing mix. Apparently, pricing can either make or break a product, thus optimum care is necessary while making this significant business decision. This is because for a product to survive, it must be tolerable to the target market to promote profitability. This implies that, the most fundamental pricing tactic should aim to satisfy cost and value criterion. On the same note, pricing for Joy Daycare services will consider the cost and value aspect, commonly referred as ‘cost-based pricing’ and ‘value-based pricing’(Rao, 2009). As epitomized elsewhere in this marketing plan, Joy Daycare will strive to hire the best caregivers to ensure that children receive quality training. Obviously, this is going to increase business operation costs; hence, penetration pricing cannot work in our favor.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Secondly, we also have to consider the perceived value of Joy Daycare services before settling on a certain price. Rao (2009) underscores that, value-based pricing is founded on the customers’ perspective about whether consumers considers the price to be reasonable. Discounted and/or differential pricing Similarly, Joy daycare will offer some discounts to parents who enroll two or more children to the center. Moreover, to promote word of mouth advertising we are going to offer some special rates to those who refer their friends to the center. According to Rao (2009), differential pricing is not a unique phenomenon a nd most marketers have utilized it to promote customer royalty. Similarly, Iacobucci (2011) utilizes the term ‘target pricing’ whereby different prices are charged to customers within the same target market. However, although this strategy might work in the business’ favor, it might be ineffective in the long run especially when one child attains pre-schooling age. This implies that, the business will face an immense public relations challenge while trying to convince such parents to adjust their payments upwards. Nonetheless, the business will have to bear those costs since the benefits of discounted pricing are likely to be more than the costs involved. Legal and ethical issues of pricing tactics Noticeably, competition among businesses has become the biggest hurdle towards success. Against this background, some unscrupulous marketers may misuse the pricing aspect to shove off their competitors out of business. Moreover, some tactics might be exploitative to cu stomers. On this notion, several business laws have been put in place to eliminate unlawful and unethical pricing strategies. As a result, it is imperative to explore some ethical and legal implications of the pricing tactics adopted by Joy Daycare.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Joy Daycare Marketing Plan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For instance, discounted and/or differential pricing might be perceived as discriminatory since the consumers are purchasing a similar service, but at different prices. However, as long as Joy Daycare can prove that the strategy does not favor some customers at the expense of others, then the tactic is neither illegal nor unethical. Joy daycare distribution channel Daycare service is a unique product that defies the norms of marketing distribution channels. Iacobucci (2011) accentuate that distribution channels are adopted depending on the desired promotional and place marketing mix aspects. Since daycare service is consumed at the place of purchase, the wholesaler/distributor/ retailer relationships are not applicable in this marketing plan. Consequently, Joy Daycare services utilizes exclusive distribution channel because the service is restricted to a centralized location. This is implies that, the producer (Joy daycare center) interacts directly with the consumer (parents) without the necessity of middlemen services. On the same note Iacobucci (2011) adds that good/service that adopts exclusive distribution channels demands additional promotional aspect in order to educate the target market on the availability and advantages of those products. As epitomized elsewhere in this marketing plan, quality and excellent service is the core differentiation strategy for Joy Daycare business. The key to the business success calls for heightened efforts to generate consumer delight at the point of service delivery in order to achieve the stipulated marketing object ives. Consumer delight will enable Joy Daycare to cultivate consumer loyalty; thus increased enrollment will enable the business to achieve the targeted growth rate of 10% p.a. Moreover, brand image will also benefit from the cultivated loyalty. References Iacobucci, D. (2011). Marketing management: 2010 custom edition. Mason, OH: South- Western Cengage Learning.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Rao, V. R. (2009).Handbook of pricing research in marketing. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.

All My Sons Play by Arthur Miller

The story described how a woman informed on her father who had sold faulty parts to the U. S. military during World War II. Henrik Ibsens influence on Miller is evidenced from the Ibsen play The Wild Duck, where Miller took the idea of two partners in a business where one is forced to take moral and legal responsibility for the other. This is mirrored in All My Sons. He also borrowed the idea of a character’s idealism being the source of a problem. [3] The criticism of the American Dream, which lies at the heart of All My Sons was one reason why Arthur Miller was called to appear before the House Un-American Activities Committee during the 1950s, when America was gripped by anti-communist hysteria. Miller sent a copy of the play to Elia Kazan who directed the original stage version of All My Sons. Kazan was a former member of the Communist Party who shared Millers left-wing views. However, their relationship was destroyed when Kazan gave names of suspected Communists to the House Un-American Activities Committee during the Red Scare. [1][4] [edit] Characters Joe Keller Joe Keller was exonerated after being charged with shipping damaged airplane cylinder heads out of his factory during WWII, inadvertently causing the deaths of 21 pilots. For three and a half years he has placed the blame on his partner and former neighbor, Steve Deever. When the truth comes out, Joe justifies his actions by claiming that he did it for his family. At the end of the play he kills himself in a sad attempt to rid his family of the problems he has caused them and perhaps also to stop Kate from hating him. Kate Keller (Mother) Kate knows that Joe is guilty but lives in denial while mourning for her elder son Larry, who has been MIA for three years. She refuses to believe that Larry is dead and maintains that Ann Deever who returns for a visit at the request of Larrys brother Chris is still Larrys girl and also believes that he is coming back. Chris Keller – Chris, 32, returned home from World War II two years before the play begins, disturbed by the realization that the world was continuing as if nothing had happened. He has summoned Ann Deever to the Keller house in order to ask her hand in marriage, but their obstacle becomes Kates unreasonable conviction that Larry will someday return. Chriss idolization of his father results in his devastation when he finds out the truth about what Joe did. Ann Deever Ann, 26, arrives at the Keller home having shunned her guilty father since his imprisonment. Throughout the play, Ann is often referred to as pretty, beautiful, and intelligent-looking. She had a relationship with Larry Keller before his disappearance, and has since moved on because she knows the truth of his fate. She hopes that the Kellers will consent to her marriage with Larrys brother, Chris, with whom she has corresponded by mail for two years. Ann soon finds out that the neighbors all believe that Joe is guilty, and eventually finds out the truth after a visit from her older brother George. Ann is the knowledge-bearer in the play: finally, unable to convince Kate that Larry is gone forever, Ann reveals a letter from Larry stating his intention to commit suicide having heard of her father’s imprisonment. George Deever – George, 31, is Ann’s older brother: a successful New York lawyer and WWII veteran, and a childhood friend of Chris. He initially believed in his father’s guilt, but upon visiting Steve in jail, realizes his innocence and becomes enraged at the Kellers for deceiving him. He returns to save his sister from her marriage to Chris, creating the catalyst that destroys the Keller family. Frank Lubey – Frank, 32, was always one year ahead of the draft, so he never served in World War II, instead staying home to marry Georges former sweetheart, Lydia. He draws up Larrys horoscope and tells Kate that Larry must still be alive, because the day he died was meant to be his favorable day. This strengthens Kates faith and makes it much harder for Ann to reveal the letter to her. Lydia Lubey Lydia, 27, was Georges love interest before the war; after he went away, she married Frank and they quickly had three children. She is a model of peaceful domesticity and lends a much-needed cheerful air to several moments of the play. Jim Bayliss – Jim is a successful doctor, but is frustrated with the stifling domesticity of his life. He wants to become a medical researcher, but continues in his job as it pays the bills. He is a close friend to the Keller family and spends a lot of time in their backyard. Sue Bayliss Sue is Jims wife: needling and dangerous but affectionate, she too is a friend of the Keller family, but is secretly resentful of what she sees as Chriss bad idealistic influence on Jim. Sue confronts Ann about her resentment of Chris in a particularly volatile scene, revealing to Ann that the neighbors all think Joe is guilty. Bert – Bert is a little boy who lives in the neighborhood; he is friends with the Bayliss son Tommy and frequently visits the Kellers yard to play jail with Joe. He only appears twice in the play. The first time he appears, his part seems pretty unimportant , but the second time he appears his character gets more important as he sparks a verbal attack from mother when mentioning jail, which highlights Joes secret. [edit] Unseen characters Larry Keller Larry has been MIA for some years at the start of the play, however he has an effect in the play through his mothers insistence that he is still alive and his brothers love for his childhood sweetheart. Comparisons are made in the story between Larry and Chris with their father describing Larry as the more sensible one with a head for business. At the end of the play, Ann reveals a letter written by Larry pronouncing him committing suicide out of shame for what his father did. Steve Deever (Peter Smell in the 1947 movie) George and Anns father. Steve is sent to prison for the shipping of faulty parts a crime which he and the successfully exonerated Keller committed. [edit] Synopsis [edit] Act I [pic] The Penguin edition of All My Sons The play begins on a Sunday in late August 1946. Joe Keller is reading the Sunday paper and talking to his neighbors, Dr. Jim Bayliss and Frank Lubey. Frank talks about a horoscope for Joes son Larry that he is compiling for Kate Keller, Joe’s wife. Jims wife, Sue, and Franks wife, Lydia, each make brief appearances. Ann Deever, the Kellers former next-door-neighbor, has come to visit the family and is asleep upstairs. While waiting for her, Joe and Chris talk about Larrys memorial tree, which has blown down during the night. Larry was reported missing during World War II and is presumed dead, as there has been no contact with him for more than three years. Kate clings to the hope that he will come back, but Chris feels that it is wrong to keep up such a pretence for her. Bert comes by to play jail with Joe and runs off to patrol the neighborhood. Chris admits to his father that he wants to marry Ann; however, Ann was Larry’s girlfriend before he served in World War II, and since Kate does not believe Larry to be dead, Ann is still technically Larrys girl. By marrying Ann, Chris is effectively pronouncing Larry dead, so Joe fears that Kate will object to the proposal of marriage. Kate emerges and describes her nightmare from the evening before; it is about Larry falling from his plane and crying her name. She objects when Chris tells her that the family should try to forget Larry. Kate admits to Joe that she is suspicious about why Ann has come to visit; she tells him that she knows that Ann believes with her that Larry is still alive, and tells Joe that he must keep believing also. Bert reappears, but is harshly banished by Kate. When Ann finally comes down, everyone talks about how beautiful and mature she looks, and the family engages in smalltalk until Kate asks Ann if she is still waiting for Larry. Ann says that she is not, and realizes for the first time how deeply Kates hope runs. It is revealed that Steve Deever, Ann’s father, is serving time for the deaths of 21 pilots who crashed over Australia due to the faulty cylinder heads shipped out by the Keller/Deever factory in 1943. Keller insists that it was Steves crime and recalls how he successfully appealed against his conviction for the crime while Steve remained in prison. Keller reacts strongly to Anns conviction that her father is guilty. Ann has refused all contact with her father since Larry was reported missing, and insists that her fathers actions may have related to Larrys death. When Chris and Ann are left alone in the yard, they reveal their love for each other; however, Ann senses that Chris seems somehow ashamed, and asks him to tell her about it so their relationship can be an honest one. Chris recounts his experience of losing his company during a battle in the War. He is still angry that at home, life has continued as normal, and this affects his ability to accept the gift of having Ann. Joe emerges and tells Ann that her brother George is on the phone from Columbus. Joe tells Chris that he mustnt feel ashamed of the family money; then Ann comes out and reveals that George is coming back to the house after visiting his father in prison for the first time, and Joe is clearly worried. [edit] Act II As they come out, Chris is removing Larrys fallen tree and the family is inside getting ready for dinner. Kate confides in Chris Kellers concern that George may bring up the case again, and says she wont live through it if he does. Ann emerges and is met with Kates acerbic wit and Chriss assurance that they will tell her of their marriage plans tonight. Sue Bayliss interrupts Anns solo reverie by searching for Jim, and they share a drink of juice. Sue asks Ann to move away from the area if she and Chris marry because Chris’ idealism is negatively affecting her husband Jim. Jim had always wanted to become a medical reseacher but never followed through because Chris idealistic ideas kept him from doing so. Sue implies Joes guilt and insists that Chris and everyone else know something about it. Ann defends Chris, saying that he wouldn’t take money out of the plant if there was anything wrong with it, but she becomes disturbed because Chris told her that the case was all forgotten. Chris reassures Ann by telling her he wouldn’t be able to forgive his father if he had murdered the pilots. Anns faith in Chris is restored, and they and Joe share conversation in the yard. Joe offers Steve a job for when he gets out of jail, but Ann insists that Joe owes Steve nothing and Chris refuses to have him at the plant. Jim enters, having gone to pick George up from the train. He warns Chris and Ann that George is angry and should be driven somewhere to talk, a proposition which Chris promptly refuses. A loud argument ensues, in which George tries to convince Ann that Chris knows Joe is guilty, having allowed his father to take the blame for shipping the damaged parts, and Ann is caught between the two men that she loves, unable to make them reconcile with each other. Kate enters, causing Chris and George to halt their argument; she is extraordinarily happy about seeing Georgie and pacifies him enough to settle everyone down for a time. Keller then enters; George reluctantly greets him. Then Lydia emerges and her past relationship with George is then revealed. Lydia has had three children and shows George the life on which he missed out while he was serving in World War II. Ann goes inside to call a cab for George, having insisted that he must leave on the next train and not start a fight. Keller asks George about Steve and then argues that throughout Steve’s life he never took responsibility for his own actions, so he must be guilty now. Just when it seems that George is convinced and he agrees to stay for dinner, Kate tells him that Keller has never been sick in fifteen years, thereby disproving Kellers earlier alibi that he had the flu on the day that Steve allowed the cracked heads to be shipped, and was not able to come to the office. George latches on to this slip of the tongue and begins to interrogate Joe. Frank rushes in with Larrys finished horoscope and asserts that the day Larry was supposed to have died was his favorable day and he must therefore be alive somewhere in the world. Kate believes him unhesitatingly and tells Ann that she packed her bag and that Ann must leave with George. Ann insists that she will stay until Chris tells her to go, and reluctantly tells George to leave, running after him to try to make amends. Chris tries to insist that he will marry Ann, but Kate finally tells him that if Larry is dead, Joe killed him. Chris understands this to mean that Joe was guilty of shipping the faulty parts. Which means that Joe would have been responsible for Larrys death. Keller at last admits his guilt, but justifies his actions saying that if he had done it for his family. And if he went that day the factory would have been shut down and he would have lost money needed to support his family. Chris rejects this explanation, telling Joe that his responsibility to his country sometimes outweighs that to his business and family. Chris storms off, leaving Joe worn out and heart brokenly guilty. edit] Act III Kate waits on the back porch for Chris- he took the car six hours before and has not come back yet. Jim enters and consoles Kate before the entrance of Joe. Ann has stayed in her room for those six hours: having seen Chris storm out of the house, she now knows the truth about Keller’s gui lt. Joe insists that Chris just doesnt understand what responsibility for family means, and that Larry knew better what the business was all about. Joe tells Kate that he did it all for her and their two sons. When Ann emerges, she asks Kate to tell Chris that she knows Larry is dead, so that Chris will no longer feel ashamed about his love for Ann. Kate still insists that Larry is alive; Ann insists that she loved him and wouldnt have even considered marrying anyone else if she werent sure hed died. Finally, Ann asks Joe to go into the house and produces a letter that Larry wrote her the day he died; she tells Kate that she didnt bring the letter to hurt the family, but both are devastated by the final destruction of Kates hope. Chris returns and tells Ann and Kate that he is going away to Cleveland to start over; he rejects Ann when she begs to go with him, saying that he can no longer bear to look at his father but can also not bring himself to send him to prison as he deserves and therefore is not a moral and strong enough man for her. When Joe enters, he confronts Chris and they argue about Joes guilt. Ann rushes forward and gives Larrys letter to Chris; Kate tries to take it away from him and to prevent Joe from hearing it, but it is too late. Chris reads the letter aloud: it describes how, upon learning about the investigation into the incident and his realization of his fathers guilt, Larry couldnt bear to live anymore; he told Ann that he knew hed be reported missing and that she mustnt wait for him. All realize that Joe was responsible for Larrys death: Although Larrys plane did not have a cracked cylinder head in it, Larry found out that his father was not the kind of man he thought hed been. He took his own life by crashing his plane during a mission rather than face the disillusionment he could now see through. On hearing this news, Keller goes inside the house to get his jacket and turn himself in; but while Chris and Kate argue about sending him to prison and Ann watches the results of the letter unfold, a shot is heard. Joe has committed suicide. Ann runs off to find Dr. Bayliss, and Chris and Kate are left alone in a final tableau of their grief. [edit] Timeline of events in the play The precise date of events in the play are unclear, however it is possible to construct a timeline of the back-story to All My Sons using the dialogue of the play. The play is set in August 1946, in the mid-west of the USA with the main story set between Sunday morning and a little after two oclock the following morning. 5] †¢ Autumn 1943: Joe allows Steve to supply the USAAF with faulty cylinder heads which cause the planes to crash. †¢ Autumn 1943: Twenty-one planes crash and Joe and Steve are arrested †¢ November 25 1943: Larry crashes his plane off the coast of China having read about his fathers imprisonment. †¢ 1944: Joe is released from prison †¢ Friday in August 1946: Ann visits Chris †¢ Saturday in August, 1946: Larrys memorial blown down †¢ Sunday morning in August 1946: George visits Steve †¢ Sunday morning in August 1946: Opening of the play [edit] Links to Greek tragedy Arthur Miller’s writing in All My Sons often shows great respect for the great Greek tragedies of the likes of Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides. In these plays the tragic hero or protagonist will commit an offence, often unknowingly, which will return to haunt him, sometimes many years later. The play encapsulates all the fallout from the offense into a 24 hour time span. During that day, the protagonist must learn his fault and suffer as a result, and perhaps even die. In this way the gods are shown to be just and moral order is restored. In All My Sons, these elements are all present; it takes place within a 24 hour period, has a protagonist suffering from a previous offense, and punishment for that offense. Additionally, it explores the father-son relationship, also a common theme in Grecian tragedies. Ann Deever could also be seen to parallel a messenger as her letter is proof of Larrys death. The Greek plays, and those of Shakespeare two thousand years later, are about kings, dukes or great generals, because at that time these individuals were thought to embody or represent the whole people. Nowadays, we do not perceive the upper classes as most representational. When writers want to show a person who represents a nation or class, they typically invent a fictional â€Å"ordinary† person, the Man in the Street or Joe Public. In Joe Keller, Arthur Miller creates just such a representative type. Joe is a very ordinary man, decent, hard-working and charitable, a man no-one could dislike. But, like the protagonist of the ancient drama, he has a flaw or weakness. This, in turn, causes him to act wrongly. He is forced to accept responsibility his suicide is necessary to restore the moral order of the universe, and allows his son, Chris, to live free from guilt and persecution. Arthur Miller later uses the everyman in a criticism of the American Dream in Death of a Salesman, which is in many ways similar to All My Sons. [edit] Themes [edit] Responsibility, Society and the Generation Gap The play focuses on Joe Keller’s conflict of responsibilities, his responsibility to his family and that to wider society. He originally believes that he is justified in sending cracked cylinder heads and causing the deaths of 21 pilots, as this allowed his family to make money and allowed his son Chris to inherit the family business. Keller justifies his actions as he thinks he has a higher obligation to his family over society, to Keller there is nothing greater than the family Im his father and hes my son, and if theres anything bigger than that Ill put a bullet in my head! and Miller criticizes what he would consider a myopic world view. The major theme of All My Sons is Arthur Miller’s belief that people have a wider responsibility to the society in which they live, and this is something that Chris, Joes son, is aware of and believes in. Unlike his father, Chris feels society and other people play a main part in a persons responsibility, as when he finds the truth out about his fathers actions; he is horrified What the hell are you? You’re not even an animal, no animal kills his own, what are you? What must I do to you? I ought to tear the tongue out of your mouth, what must I do? and here it is possible Chris has become a sort of spokesperson for Arthur Miller in the play. Keller seems to still not understand his sons anguish, as his responses are Chris my Chris Not until Larrys letter is revealed to him, does Keller finally see the point of view of the next generation. Only after hearing Larrys letter does he reply to Chris question Do you get it now!? with Yes I think I do and then lead into where the plays title comes from when Joe Keller eventually realizes that they were all my sons in one sense. Keller kills himself in the final few pages of the play, leaving Kate on her own, the one thing she has always been said to fear, but the truth seems to give her a sort of strength in itself, as she tells her hysterical son Chris in the last line of the play, to live forget now live finally freeing him of the obligation of living with any feeling of responsibility for Kellers suicide. Sources Needed [edit] American Dream All My Sons is a criticism of the American Dream. Joe Keller, a representative type who would be considered an ordinary American, has lived through the Depression and despite a lack of education he has been able to own a factory, which he hopes his son will inherit. However, Keller’s quest for money leads to his responsibility for the deaths of 21 American pilots. Keller has apparently achieved the American Dream he lives in a comfortable house despite being an uneducated man. Miller is emphasizing the hollowness of the American Dream and that one should think about the consequences of our actions. However, this material comfort which Keller has worked to provide his family with the very best is of little consequence. His strong family unit is an illusion his wife is ill, Chris is discontent and Larry has committed suicide as a result of his fathers narrow-minded and reprehensible decision. It is through the letter from Larry that Keller realizes that he has not only killed one son but all of his sons, a theme which is reiterated by the title of the play. In conclusion, the American Dream has become more like an American Nightmare. Chris shows moral responsibility while his father Joe shows intense family responsibility. [edit] Wartime Profiteering Another theme of All My Sons is wartime profiteering. As there were large contracts when America entered the war on two fronts, the conditions were created for what Arthur Miller described as profiteering on a vast scale. Chris Keller is particularly angry that his selflessness in fighting in the war is contrasted by the selfishness of those making money off the war. [edit] Death Death is another key theme in All My Sons. Kate Keller refuses to accept her son’s death. She denies the possibility of this death for a long time. Recognizing the death of her son would mean that she recognizes that her husband was responsible. This is an issue that constantly weighs on Kate throughout the work. The tree is a symbol that represents that Larry is still alive, and when the tree gets knocked down Kate still refuses to believe that her son is in danger. When Chris finds out his father is responsible for killing the 21 pilots, he replies I was dying every day and you were killing my boys and it is very notable Chris refers to the pilots as his boys and says I was dying every day; making them closer to himself and trying to indicate to the audience the extent of which he feels he has moral obligation to society.

The Song of Rolan - the Foundation of French Literacy Essay

The Song of Rolan - the Foundation of French Literacy - Essay Example As the paper outlines, a large number of top knights and Duke Roland of the Brittany Marches were killed in the massacre. Ganelon accepted the task, certain that he would die. He threatened Roland, "If God should deign that I come back again then I shall stir up such a feud with you that it will last as long as you're alive!" (Anonymous, 1957, 20, pp. 289-291). Emperor Charlemagne was firm about sending Ganelon and said his command must be followed implicitly. Ganelon had no other option, but to comply with the order.  In the fight against Muslims in Spain Charlemagne made great strides and Saragossa was the only surviving city ruled by the Muslim King Marsile. Knowing the might of the army of Charlemagne, he dispatched messengers to Charlemagne promising his conversion to Christianity and submission of treasure. In return, he urged him to go back to France. Charlemagne too wished to buy peace as he and his men were tired of the long war. The issue was about the selection of a mess enger who would represent the King at Marsile’s court. The choice fell on Ganelon, stepfather of Roland. Ganelon, however, viewed this selection with suspicion and feared that he was being sent deliberately to die in the hands of the cruel pagans. He had always hated his stepson and he thought that he had an opportunity to settle scores with Roland.  Joining the Saracen peace ambassadors, Ganelon talked at length with Blancandrin as they rode together back to Saragossa. He spat venom against Roland and blamed him for inciting the Franks for the war that was fought without intermission. â€Å"If someone killed him," said Ganelon, "we might all have peace" (Anonymous, 1957, 29, pp. 391). Blancandrin was greatly excited about this observation and both of them pledged to each other and decided to design a plot to get rid of him. Roland was brave but failed to gauge the consequences of his actions and due to this weakness, treacherous Ganelon succeeded in outwitting his knightl y companions and his army.