Amphicyon - Facts and Figures

Name: Amphicyon (Greek for ambiguous dog); pronounced AM-fih-SIGH-on Habitat: Plains of the northern hemisphere Historical Epoch: Middle Oligocene-Early Miocene (30-20 million years ago) Size and Weight: Varies by species; up to six feet long and 400 pounds Diet: Omnivorous Distinguishing Characteristics: Large size; bear-like body About Amphicyon Despite its nickname, the Bear Dog, Amphicyon was directly ancestral to neither bears nor dogs. This was the most prominent genus of the family of mammalian, vaguely canine-like carnivores that succeeded the larger creodonts (typified by Hyaenodon and Sarkastodon) but preceded the first true dogs. True to its nickname, Amphicyon looked like a small bear with the head of a dog, and it probably pursued a bear-like lifestyle as well, feeding opportunistically on meat, carrion, fish, fruit, and plants. The front legs of this prehistoric mammal were especially well-muscled, meaning it could probably stun prey senseless with a single well-aimed swipe of its paw. Befitting a mammal with such a lengthy provenance in the fossil record--about 10 million years, from the middle Oligocene to the early Miocene epochs--the genus Amphicyon embraced nine separate species. The two largest, the appropriately named A. major and A. giganteus, weighed up 400 pounds fully grown and roamed the expanse of Europe and the near east. In North America, Amphicyon was represented by A. galushai, A. frendens, and A. ingens, which were slightly smaller than their Eurasian cousins; various other species hailed from modern-day India and Pakistan, Africa, and the far east. (The European species of Amphicyon were identified in the early 19th century, but the first American species was only announced to the world in 2003.) Did Amphicyon hunt in packs, like modern wolves? Probably not; more likely this megafauna mammal stayed well out of the way of its pack-hunting competitors, contenting itself with (say) piles of rotting fruit or the carcass of a recently deceased Chalicotherium. (On the other hand, oversized grazing animals like Chalicotherium were themselves so slow that elderly, sick or juvenile herd members could easily be picked off by a solitary Amphicyon.) In fact, its likely that the Bear Dog faded from the world scene 20 million years ago, at the end of its long reign, because it was displaced by better-adapted (i.e., faster, sleeker, and more lightly built) hunting animals.

Top Guide of Ielts 9 Essay Samples

Top Guide of Ielts 9 Essay Samples The Key to Successful Ielts 9 Essay Samples Don't forget that any argumentative essay sample you'll discover on the internet will require a full rewriting in order to prevent plagiarism. An interesting mixture of complex grammar structures will also need to be produced. When you're selecting an essay topic, it's important to select one which has lots of information and statistics to strengthen your standpoint, nor exaggerate any info which you have chosen to write about. The issue, nevertheless, is that not all businesses can be relied on to deliver quality essays on time so you need to be mindful in selecting one. Facts, Fiction and Ielts 9 Essay Samples To compose an impressive short essay, especially during an examination, you should be in a position to hit the question and supply a straightforward answer while at the very same time observing the correct structure of an essay. No matter the subject, the structure is identical for any pers uasive essay. It will be simpler that you compose a fantastic persuasive essay if it's a subject in which you have knowledge. The more information you'll be able to gather about the subject, the better prepared you'll be for writing your essay. Qualities of a great persuasive essay topic The topic ought to be specific. There are several good persuasive essay topics to pick from. Things You Won't Like About Ielts 9 Essay Samples and Things You Will A well-structured essay has a superior introduction, body paragraphs that are simple to follow and connect with each other, and a great conclusion. Only because the introduction is the very first paragraph in your essay doesn't indicate you must write this paragraph before any other. It involves logical reasoning and items which are necessary to be focused, especially concerning the problem on why a persuasive essay was written. Most academic essay topics usually ask you to choose a side in an argument or maybe to defend a specific side against c riticism. Looking at IELTS essay topics with answers is a huge means to assist you to get ready for the test. This IELTS Writing task simply asks you to provide your opinion, which seems to be an extremely open question. You're able to take my online IELTS Writing Practice Test anywhere on the planet and find a score, corrections, and feedback in only two days. Practice tests are the best method to receive ready. Ielts 9 Essay Samples Help! A persuasive essay has to be able to grab the interest of the folks reading it easily. You ought not use the eBook continually for many hours without breaks. It is going to be useful to have an excellent eBook reader to be in a position to truly have a good reading experience and premium quality eBook display. An amazing eBook reader ought to be set up. Why Almost Everything You've Learned About Ielts 9 Essay Samples Is Wrong If you don't have an idea what an IELTS essay appears like or will need to boost your writing skills you're i n the proper location. In nearly all high schools, your capability of writing this kind of essay is going to be evaluated in class. You will need to understand how to compose an effective essay as it is a typical foundation for a student's grade. There are many persuasive essay examples college students are able to make use of online. Want to Know More About Ielts 9 Essay Samples? Essay writing is usually practiced is schools. In this manner, you will be in a position to know for sure what your essay is all about before devising your thesis. Therefore don't get intimidated if you believe you cannot write such essays. Writing an essay is an essential role in academe life. If you wish to figure out how to compose a decent persuasive essay, you're looking in the correct spot! If you're already on the lookout for persuasive essay examples online, you most likely have a somewhat vague idea about how to begin writing. Selecting an excellent topic for your essay is among the most significant and frequently tricky parts for many students. Simply take a look at the next persuasive essay. Your writing also needs to be quite easy to read and all facets of it are managed properly so as to guarantee Coherence and Cohesion. In addition, the writer has a propensity to be repetitive. Some consider essay writing a burden even though others see it like a chance to share their ideas and opinions. Persuasive essay topics don't always need to be of a severe nature, you can write about things that are connected in your life. This experience can help you make strategic decisions about which subject lessons you must learn. A little one needs certain conditions as a way to live. Students have to have a high amount of discipline to get on a uniform because this process of dressing does not permit you to dress in any other fashion or particular style that you want. They should decide which position they should take based upon the quantity and quality of the points they are able to come up with to support their position.

How strong was Nationalism in the Second Reich Free Essays

In 1871, Bismarck unified Germany; however this great achievement did not mean that his job was done. Now, the ultimate threat for him was a revolution, so he needed to make sure that everyone was reasonably happy in the new unified Germany. The constitution of the German Reich was created on 19 April 1871. We will write a custom essay sample on How strong was Nationalism in the Second Reich? or any similar topic only for you Order Now This aimed to please the upper class, middle class, working class and the German states. The upper class were pleased by the fact that they would be ruled by a German Emperor (William I) who was also the King of Prussia and Supreme Commander. This way, they could maintain an element of autocracy and social hierarchy. The Federal Council could over-rule the Reichstag if it wanted to so this helped to avoid democracy, again, pleasing the upper class. Having a constitution would please the middle class as it enables democracy to a certain extent. They would have been pleased by the fact that the constitution allows the middle class suffrage and in turn, gains them more power. Gaining the vote and power within the constitution also pleased the working class. Twenty-five confederal states made up the Federal Council, meaning that Prussia did not overrule everyone; this pleased the other German states. Prussia was only allowed seventeen representatives; however, the council had the power of veto, if they were supported by 14 votes. This meant that it would take only 14 of the 17 representatives of Prussia to overrule the other states. The careful planning of the constitution helped to encourage nationalism, as everyone in it was kept quite happy. The middle and working class got elements of democracy whilst the upper class had elements of autocracy. However, it was more absolutist than it appeared to be. Bismarck and Prussia still had subtle control over Germany. How did the government encourage the people to be good Germans? Nationalism throughout Germany was encouraged in areas such as education, industry and the monarchy. The writings of Heinrich Von Treitschke were very influential to the German people. He believed that Germans were driven by ideas such as nationalism rather than being practical. The acquisition of power was the key to a successful Germany, â€Å"only the truly great and powerful states ought to exist.† As he was such an influential writer, it was causing nationalism to grow amongst the German people. Treitschke also believed in conformity and wrote that â€Å"the individual has no right to regard the state as a means for attaining his own ambitions in life†, meaning that people should do as they are told by their government, and not revolt (like the French did.) Both the acquisition of power and conformity had created a replacement to absolutism known as authoritarianism. His writing showed that nationalism was becoming more and more conservative. To be a good German, you had to pure blooded and a militarist. Treitschke taught that war was a good thing and it makes you a better person. â€Å"The sacred power of love which a righteous war awakes† is an example of what he wrote about war. Germany was founded through three wars, so to Germans it must seem a very good thing. However, this all changed after WWI. Nationalism was also being encouraged through education. Textbooks would contain phrases such as â€Å"the ideal bearers of civilisation with an innate superiority and pureness of blood.† Introducing to children the ideas of the Aryan race. How serious was opposition to nationalism? The main opposition to nationalism consisted of the Catholic church, workers and women. Problems with the Catholic church arose because Bismarck tried to control the country through education. However, for Catholics, their education lies in the hands of their religion so what they were taught by their religion was very different to what Bismarck wanted to teach them. In 1870, the Vatican Council adopted the doctrine of papal infallibility, meaning that whatever the pope said or did was right, and no one was allowed to question it. This was a problem for Bismarck as he continued to try to gain control over German education. He passed many laws such as the May Laws (1873) which forbade catholic inspections of schools, but by 1887, a bill was passed to give the Church its old independence. The Catholics won the Kulturkampf so they proved to be a threatening opposition to nationalism. Socialism of the working class was the most serious form of opposition to nationalism. The social democrats were similar to communists in the sense that they wanted the abolition of classes and class rule. Bismarck tried to prevent them from growing, by introducing anti-socialist laws, but they continued to grow even faster. By 1912, the SPD were the largest party in the Reichstag with nearly 4million votes!! Bismarck even attempted to encourage working class nationalism by introducing state insurance and pension, however, this was simply mocked by socialists. They called it ‘state socialism.’ The social democrats continued to be the largest party in the Reichstag up to the outbreak of WWI in 1914. Another form of opposition to nationalism was women. This was not as serious as the Suffragettes in Britain, although it still posed a threat to nationalism. Women were seen as second class citizens who were oppressed by the ruling classes, generally men. The women’s movement achieved very little under Bismarck, however, they managed to get the right to get involved in politics. It was the most low key of the three main threats to nationalism, as it was not as significant as the Socialists or the Catholics. Out of the three, the biggest threat to nationalism seems to be the Social Democratic party, as they managed to become the largest party in the Reichstag, meaning that they would have quite an influence over parliament. However, the Federal Council could just simply dissolve the Reichstag if they felt it was necessary. How to cite How strong was Nationalism in the Second Reich?, Papers